Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process Essay Example for Free

Explain Steps in Organizational Changes Process Essay There are four steps in organizational changes process. The management of change involves determining the needs for changes, determining the obstacles to change, implementing change, and evaluating change. Explaining steps in organizational change process are as follows: First, the organization may determine the needs for changes to make organization more responsive, flexible and competitive. Before the changing, the organization should find the gap between performance objectives and actual performance, and uses some indicators, which like total net profit, sales per employee, and labor costs, to measure the gap in order to decide whether the organization needs to change. Second, the organization need to identify the obstacles, which like resisting changes at organization, division or individual level, Unions resistance, the culture, strategies and structures of the organization, and financial ability, to introduce new policies and practices when the organization need to changes. For example, for the financial ability, HR manager expects to introduce new technology to make the organization more competitive. However, the organization doesn’t have enough subsidies to afford all staffs to learn new skills. Therefore, the organization should identify all potential barriers. Third, the organization should consider which methods to implement in the change to reduce the resistance from managers or employees. The organization can use internal managers or external consultants to carry out the changes. The internal managers have more knowledgeable about people and business operations, but the internal managers often are too narrow to successfully introduce change. Besides, the external consultants are politically neutral and possessing broader and have more knowledgeable viewpoints, but the external consultants do not know the organization and its staff. Therefore, the organization should measure which method is more suitable for the organization. Moreover, the organization should use Top-Down or Bottom-Up approach to implement the changes. The Top-Down approach which managers need to involve in decision and implementation, this approach emphasizes on speed and action. This approach shows the low-level staff just participates in the changes, but top-level managers are made decisions. The Bottom-Up approach which involves considerable discussion and consultation with managers and employees, it emphasizes participation, communication, and the minimizations of uncertainty. This approach makes the staff have more motivations and satisfactions. Therefore, the organization should choose which approach to implement the changes. Last, to measure the effectiveness of changes, the organization use some indicators, like employee productivity, job satisfaction, sales, to compare the before and after situations to analyze and control the outcome. For example, when the organization implemented the change, it can compare the sales this year and last year to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. Therefore, the organization can utilize different indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of the change. The organization should change regularly as the business environment is constantly changing. However, some of reasons why the employees sometimes resistant to change are followings: If I were a HR manager, I would handle this situation with different methods to help the employees. As a HR manager, I would communicate with the employees to reduce the influences of them. Some employees may resist changing because they feel incapable of performing well under the new way of doing things like using high technology, and they do not understanding what is happening or why. Therefore, I would communicate with them to reduce their resistances. As a HR manager, I would participate with the employees to attend some lessons or courses, which are provided by the organization. It is because some of them may feel work overload and loss of face when they faced the change. They may feel that they are physically or mentally unable to handle the change and feel uncomfortable. Thus, I would participate with them to support them to change. As a HR manager, I would organize some channels, which like meetings, memos, E-mails, and social network, to let the employees know why the organization needs to change in order to reduce their resistances and angers. In the channels, I would tell them the high technology only less skills required, the change can carry lower pay rate. So I would organize some channels to reduce their fear of the unknown. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization to provide the counseling for the lay-off employees to lower negative emotions. Some of them may feel that their pay and benefits may be reduced or they may lose their job as the economic downturn. Thus, I would require the organization provide counseling to give them comfort. As a HR manager, I would negotiate with the organization providing rewards when the employees accepted some required. The organization needs to introduce some high technology as an example, if some of them, who accepted the requirement, may have opportunities to increase their pays or promotion. Therefore, I would utilize some rewards to attract them. Therefore, as a HR manager, I am not only monitoring organization’s environment, but also I should communicate with employees.

Comparison of Kate Chopins Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A R

Historically, women have been treated as second class citizens. The Napoleonic Code stated that women were controlled by their husbands and cannot freely do their own will without the authority of their husband. This paper shows how this is evident in the "Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin and " A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner. In both stories, the use of literary elements such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and significant meaning of the titles are essential in bringing the reader to an unexpected and ironic conclusion. The background of both authors, which was from the South, we can conclude how they could described the situations that they faced such as political and social presumptions problems especially for women at that time. The story explains how Chopin wrote how women were to be "seen but not heard". "The wife cannot plead in her own name, without the authority of her husband, even though she should be a public trader, or noncommunicant, or separate in property." (Kreis 1) This is one of the Code Napoleon that shows women have no right and position at that time. However after World War II, most of the men were going to war and left the women, who make them finally, could get their freedom to do anything or their own because they have to do it to survive. Chopin's stories seem very modern in different ways even though it was written about two hundred years ago. Chopin says that it "..does not always find that marriage necessarily requires that a wife be dominated by their husband,.."(Oklopcic 19) and she was trying to show that women can get along just fine without having man interfere. The story represents a disdain for the way women are treated in some relationships and in society as well. "Her concern w... ...usual life such as Emily who turned into a murderer, killing her own boyfriend and Louise Mallard dead after living her "real life" for one hour, feels her feeling free from repression during her husband death and finally died of heart disease when she knew that her husband is alive. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. "The Story of an Hour." Heritage of American Literature. Ed. James E. Miller. Vol. 2. Austin: Harcourt Brace Jovanich, 1991. 487. Print. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose For Emily.† An Introduction to Fiction. 10th ed. Eds: X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. New Yorkk: Pearson Longman, 2007. 29-34. Kreis, S. (2001). The History Guide. Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: The Code Napoleon. 15 July, 2010, http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/code_nap.html Oklopcic, Biljana. Faulkner and the Native Keystone: Reading (Beyond) the American South

India’s Land Resource Essay

Land Resources in India envelop approximately 1. 3 million sq miles and is a cape protruding into the Indian Ocean in between the Bay of Bengal on the east and Arabian Sea on the west. In spite of sufficient accessibility of landed topography, population pressure in the country is excessive and that makes space for both food production and the real estate market. However, land resources in India are both essential and at shortage in present days. Land resources in India are considered as non-renewable energy reserve. Further, they are associated with a host of several other elements such as agrarian base of rural as well as urban economy, accessibility of water, and other factors. Speedy urban expansion and the rising land usages have changed because of the increasing population growth and economic development in some selected landscapes is being observed in India of late. The monitoring of land use changes is essential to understand land use over different sequential or spatial time scales for successful land management. Today, with increasing urbanization as well as industrialisation, an increased pressure has been witnessed on land, water and other environment resources, mainly in big metropolitan cities. In order to utilize available land resources in India effectively, the country is re-organising efforts in the areas of land resource management. Thus, there has been a growth in land resource companies as well as in other service providers across the country. India occupies a land area of around 3,287,263 sq km. There are different types of land in India, of which 54. 7 percent of it is civilised land. The several types of land resources in India include agricultural land, farmland, barren land, real estate land, commercial land and residential land. Majority of the population of Indian are engaged in agricultural and allied activities and thus agricultural land accounts for near about 54. 7 percent of the total land area of the country. These are mostly situated on the outskirts of metropolitan cites. There are lands for agricultural activities in almost every state of the country. Land resources in India also include vast barren lands. They are mostly found in states like Rajasthan, parts of Leh and Jammu as snowfall prevents any major cultivation here. Real Estate lands are growing at an incredible rate in India. With the people becoming mobile due to transferable jobs the growth of houses and apartments has increased vastly all over India. Havelis in Rajasthan Commercial land is becoming more expensive with passing years. All the major Indian cities are busy building up colossal marts, market plazas, malls, shopping complexes as all international brands are making their presence felt in India in a major planning along with many new local retailers. Farmlands are also a type of land resources in India and are considered as restricted property of the famous and the elite people. There is a strong competition in acquiring the best of farmlands, as they can be nestled in the lap of picturesque valleys replete with streams, private piece of beach in Goa, Puducherry or private Havelis in Rajasthan. The trend of love for nature and due to less available space in city apartments, farm land is fast becoming the best option for land resources in India. Residential Land is fast becoming scarce in the mad rush to stay near work places and near to the urban city patches. Thus, land resources in India are crucial factors dealt by the Indian government and managed effectively according to the requirements

International Trade, An Alternative Approach - 927 Words

International trade makes up about a sixth of the total economic activity in the world and about $19 trillion worth of goods and services across international borders each year as said by Goldstein and Pevehouse. Levantian has the option to be apart of that statistic by participating in the trading market specifically free trade. Levantian would be able to succeed at free trade and come out better than if it did not foretake in free trade because of the benefits of free trade, helping stabilize the government in an economy liberalist fashion, and economical benifits. To devise an economic plan you first have to understand economic liberalism. According to Joshua Goldstein and Jon Pevehouse, â€Å"Economic liberalism, an alternative approach, generally shares with liberal internationalism a belief in the possibility of cooperation to realize common gains...It matters little to liberals whether one state gains more or less than another-just whether the state’s wealth is increasing in absolute gains† (164). The costs of participating in a global economy based on free trade is that there can be sanctions in placed and/or protectionism. Protectionism is the â€Å"protection of domestic industries from international competition† (Goldstein 170). Protectionism can be beneficial and costly. It can be costly because of nontariff barriers such as quotas, subsidies and regulations. 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